系统为Debian12,LEMP环境指Linux，Nginx, MariaDB, PHP-FPM
1.更新软件包，安装Nginx, MariaDB, PHP-FPM
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo apt-get install -y nginx-extras mariadb-server mariadb-client php-common php-cli php-cgi php-fpm php-opcache php-mysql php-xml php-xmlrpc php-gd php-json php-curl php-zip php-mbstring php-bz2 php-intl php-bcmath php-gmp imagemagick php-imagick libmagickcore-6.q16-6-extra2.MariaDB的初始化配置
sudo mysql_secure_installation
根据提示进行MariaDB初始配置
3.下载Nextcloud并解压缩到网站根目录
sudo apt install -y wget curl unzip && wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/latest.zip && unzip latest.zip -d /var/www/为确保nginx有权限写入Nextcloud目录，需修改Nextcloud目录所有者
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/nextcloud/ -R
4.创建Nextcloud的数据库并配置
sudo mysql -u root
create database nextcloud;
create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'your-password';
grant all privileges on nextcloud.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'your-password';
flush privileges;
exit;5.签发TLS证书
6.配置Nginx
sudo touch /etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf将以下内容粘贴进/etc/nginx/conf.d/nextcloud.conf
upstream php-handler {
server unix:/var/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
}
map $arg_v $asset_immutable {
"" "";
default "immutable";
}
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80 ipv6only=on;
server_name _;
access_log off;
log_not_found off;
# Enforce HTTPS
return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}
server {
listen 443 ssl http2;
listen [::]:443 ipv6only=on ssl http2;
server_name yourdomain.com;
# Path to the root of your installation
root /var/www/nextcloud;
# Use Mozilla's guidelines for SSL/TLS settings
# https://mozilla.github.io/server-side-tls/ssl-config-generator/
ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
ssl_certificate /path/yourdomain.com.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /path/yourdomain.com.key;
ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305;
ssl_ecdh_curve X25519:P-256:P-384;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
ssl_session_timeout 1d;
ssl_session_cache shared:MozSSL:10m; # about 40000 sessions
ssl_session_tickets off;
ssl_stapling on;
ssl_stapling_verify on;
resolver 8.8.8.8;
add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000" always;
access_log /var/log/nginx/nextcloud_access.log.gz combined gzip flush=5m;
error_log /var/log/nginx/nextcloud_error.log error;
server_tokens off;
# set max upload size and increase upload timeout:
client_max_body_size 512M;
client_body_timeout 300s;
fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;
# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_comp_level 4;
gzip_min_length 256;
gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;
gzip_types application/atom+xml text/javascript application/javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/wasm application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;
# Pagespeed is not supported by Nextcloud, so if your server is built
# with the `ngx_pagespeed` module, uncomment this line to disable it.
#pagespeed off;
# The settings allows you to optimize the HTTP2 bandwitdth.
# See https://blog.cloudflare.com/delivering-http-2-upload-speed-improvements/
# for tunning hints
client_body_buffer_size 512k;
# HTTP response headers borrowed from Nextcloud `.htaccess`
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header X-Download-Options "noopen" always;
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies "none" always;
add_header X-Robots-Tag "noindex, nofollow" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
# Remove X-Powered-By, which is an information leak
fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By;
# Add .mjs as a file extension for javascript
# Either include it in the default mime.types list
# or include you can include that list explicitly and add the file extension
# only for Nextcloud like below:
include mime.types;
types {
text/javascript js mjs;
}
# Specify how to handle directories -- specifying `/index.php$request_uri`
# here as the fallback means that Nginx always exhibits the desired behaviour
# when a client requests a path that corresponds to a directory that exists
# on the server. In particular, if that directory contains an index.php file,
# that file is correctly served; if it doesn't, then the request is passed to
# the front-end controller. This consistent behaviour means that we don't need
# to specify custom rules for certain paths (e.g. images and other assets,
# `/updater`, `/ocm-provider`, `/ocs-provider`), and thus
# `try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri`
# always provides the desired behaviour.
index index.php index.html /index.php$request_uri;
# Rule borrowed from `.htaccess` to handle Microsoft DAV clients
location = / {
if ( $http_user_agent ~ ^DavClnt ) {
return 302 /remote.php/webdav/$is_args$args;
}
}
location = /robots.txt {
allow all;
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Make a regex exception for `/.well-known` so that clients can still
# access it despite the existence of the regex rule
# `location ~ /(\.|autotest|...)` which would otherwise handle requests
# for `/.well-known`.
location ^~ /.well-known {
# The rules in this block are an adaptation of the rules
# in `.htaccess` that concern `/.well-known`.
location = /.well-known/carddav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
location = /.well-known/caldav { return 301 /remote.php/dav/; }
location /.well-known/acme-challenge { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
location /.well-known/pki-validation { try_files $uri $uri/ =404; }
# Let Nextcloud's API for `/.well-known` URIs handle all other
# requests by passing them to the front-end controller.
return 301 /index.php$request_uri;
}
# Rules borrowed from `.htaccess` to hide certain paths from clients
location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)(?:$|/) { return 404; }
location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) { return 404; }
# Ensure this block, which passes PHP files to the PHP process, is above the blocks
# which handle static assets (as seen below). If this block is not declared first,
# then Nginx will encounter an infinite rewriting loop when it prepends `/index.php`
# to the URI, resulting in a HTTP 500 error response.
location ~ \.php(?:$|/) {
# Required for legacy support
rewrite ^/(?!index|remote|public|cron|core\/ajax\/update|status|ocs\/v[12]|updater\/.+|oc[ms]-provider\/.+|.+\/richdocumentscode\/proxy) /index.php$request_uri;
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
fastcgi_param HTTPS on;
fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true; # Avoid sending the security headers twice
fastcgi_param front_controller_active true; # Enable pretty urls
fastcgi_pass php-handler;
fastcgi_intercept_errors on;
fastcgi_request_buffering off;
fastcgi_max_temp_file_size 0;
}
# Serve static files
location ~ \.(?:css|js|mjs|svg|gif|png|jpg|ico|wasm|tflite|map)$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463, $asset_immutable";
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
location ~ \.wasm$ {
default_type application/wasm;
}
}
location ~ \.woff2?$ {
try_files $uri /index.php$request_uri;
expires 7d; # Cache-Control policy borrowed from `.htaccess`
access_log off; # Optional: Don't log access to assets
}
# Rule borrowed from `.htaccess`
location /remote {
return 301 /remote.php$request_uri;
}
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$request_uri;
}
}7.启动各项服务
sudo nginx -t && sudo systemctl start nginx && sudo systemctl enable nginx
sudo systemctl start mariadb && sudo systemctl enable mariadb
sudo systemctl start php8.2-fpm && sudo systemctl enable php8.2-fpm8.浏览器访问https://yourdomain.com/
填入设置的mysql数据库及用户名密码，完成NextCloud登录用户名与密码的设置
8.优化NextCloud
- 安装redis服务器及其它
sudo apt-get install -y php-ldap php-imap php-apcu redis-server php-memcached php-redis ffmpeg- 编辑NextCloud配置文件
修改/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php，在最后一行);前添加如下几行
'default_phone_region' => 'CN',
'memcache.distributed' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'memcache.local' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'memcache.locking' => '\\OC\\Memcache\\Redis',
'redis' =>
array (
'host' => 'localhost',
'port' => 6379,
),
# 增加视频预览,需要提前安装ffmpeg
'enabledPreviewProviders' =>
array (
0 => 'OC\\Preview\\PNG',
1 => 'OC\\Preview\\JPEG',
2 => 'OC\\Preview\\GIF',
3 => 'OC\\Preview\\HEIC',
4 => 'OC\\Preview\\BMP',
5 => 'OC\\Preview\\XBitmap',
6 => 'OC\\Preview\\MP3',
7 => 'OC\\Preview\\TXT',
8 => 'OC\\Preview\\MarkDown',
9 => 'OC\\Preview\\Movie',
),
'updater.release.channel' => 'stable',
'appstoreenabled' => true,
'appstoreurl' => 'Nextcloud',
# 新建用户时，不会向新用户复制 /var/www/nextcloud/core/skeleton 文件夹下的文件
'skeletondirectory' => '',
# 用户打开主页，显示网盘那个界面
'defaultapp' => 'files',
# 默认语言设置为中文
'default_language' => 'zh_CN',
'default_locale' => 'zh',- 优化PHP8.2
sudo sed -i 's/;cgi.fix_pathinfo=1/cgi.fix_pathinfo=0/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i 's/upload_max_filesize = 2M/upload_max_filesize = 10240M/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i 's/post_max_size = 8M/post_max_size = 10240M/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i 's/memory_limit = 128M/memory_limit = 512M/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/php.ini
sudo sed -i 's/;listen.mode = 0660/listen.mode = 0660/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
sudo sed -i 's/pm.max_children = 5/pm.max_children = 20/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
sudo sed -i 's/pm.start_servers = 2/pm.start_servers = 4/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
sudo sed -i 's/pm.min_spare_servers = 1/pm.min_spare_servers = 2/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
sudo sed -i 's/pm.max_spare_servers = 3/pm.max_spare_servers = 8/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
sudo sed -i 's/;clear_env = no/clear_env = no/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf
#重启PHP-FPM
sudo systemctl restart php8.2-fpm && systemctl status php8.2-fpm- 配置 Crontab来运行自动化任务
sudo crontab -u www-data -e选择一个编辑器添加如下内容保存并退出
*/5 * * * * /usr/bin/php -f /var/www/nextcloud/cron.php
浏览器打开https://yourdomain.com/settings/admin，将后台任务设置为Cron (推荐)